All about Private Mortgage Insurance Removal

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WHAT IS PMI?

PMI or Private Mortgage Insurance is normally required when you buy a house with less than 20% down. Mortgage insurance is a type of guarantee that helps protect lenders against the costs of foreclosure. This insurance protection is provided by private mortgage-insurance companies. It enables lenders to accept lower down payments than they would normally accept. In effect, mortgage insurance provides what the equity of a higher down payment would provide to cover a lender's losses in the unfortunate event of foreclosure. Therefore, without mortgage insurance, you might not be able to buy a home without a 20% down payment.

The cost of PMI increases as your down payment decreases. Example: The cost of PMI on a 10% down payment is less than the cost of PMI on a 5% down payment. Your PMI premium is normally added to your monthly mortgage payment.

The decision on when to cancel the private insurance coverage does not depend solely on the degree of your equity in the home. The final say on terminating a private mortgage-insurance policy is reserved jointly for the lender and any investor who may have purchased an interest in the mortgage. However, in most cases, the lender will allow cancellation of mortgage insurance when the loan is paid down to 80% of the original property value. Some lenders may require that you pay PMI for one or two years before you may apply to remove it.

Cancellation of Private Mortgage Insurance: Federal Law May Save You Hundreds of Dollars Each Year

If you put less than 20 percent down on a home mortgage, lenders often require you to have Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI). PMI protects the lender if you default on the loan. The Homeowners Protection Act of 1998 - which became effective in 1999 - establishes rules for automatic termination and borrower cancellation of PMI on home mortgages. These protections apply to certain home mortgages signed on or after July 29, 1999 for the purchase, initial construction, or refinance of a single-family home. These protections do not apply to government-insured FHA or VA loans or to loans with lender-paid PMI.

For home mortgages signed on or after July 29, 1999, your PMI must - with certain exceptions - be terminated automatically when you reach 22 percent equity in your home based on the original property value, if your mortgage payments are current. Your PMI also can be canceled, when you request - with certain exceptions - when you reach 20 percent equity in your home based on the original property value, if your mortgage payments are current.

One exception is if your loan is "high-risk." Another is if you have not been current on your payments within the year prior to the time for termination or cancellation. A third is if you have other liens on your property. For these loans, your PMI may continue. Ask your lender or mortgage servicer (a company that collects your payments) for more information about these requirements.

If you signed your mortgage before July 29, 1999, you can ask to have the PMI canceled once you exceed 20 percent equity in your home. But federal law does not require your lender or mortgage servicer to cancel the insurance.

On a $100,000 loan with 10 percent down ($10,000), PMI might cost you $40 a month. If you can cancel the PMI, you can save $480 a year and many thousands of dollars over the loan. Check your annual escrow account statement or call your lender to find out exactly how much PMI is costing you each year.

Additional provisions in the law

New borrowers covered by the law must be told - at closing and once a year - about PMI termination and cancellation.
Mortgage servicers must provide a telephone number for all their mortgage borrowers to call for information about termination and cancellation of PMI.
Even though the law's termination and cancellation rights do not cover loans that were signed before July 29, 1999, or loans with lender-paid PMI signed on any date, lenders or mortgage servicers must tell borrowers about the termination or cancellation rights they may otherwise have under those loans (such as rights established by the contract or state law).

Next Steps

Some states may have laws that apply to early termination or cancellation of PMI - even if you signed your mortgage before July 29, 1999. Call your state consumer protection agency for more information about your state's rules. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, which buy home mortgages from lenders, also may have guidelines affecting termination or cancellation of PMI on home mortgages signed before July 29, 1999. Check with your lender or mortgage servicer, or call Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, for more information.

Contact your lender or mortgage servicer to learn whether you're paying PMI. If you are, ask how and when it can be terminated or canceled.

For More Information

The FTC works for the consumer to prevent fraudulent, deceptive and unfair business practices in the marketplace and to provide information to help consumers spot, stop and avoid them. To file a complaint or to get free information on consumer issues, visit www.ftc.gov or call toll-free, 1-877-FTC-HELP (1-877-382-4357); TTY: 1-866-653-4261. The FTC enters Internet, telemarketing, identity theft and other fraud-related complaints into Consumer Sentinel, a secure, online database available to hundreds of civil and criminal law enforcement agencies in the U.S. and abroad.

You can locate an appraiser in the Appraiser Central's National Directory of Real State Licensed Estate Appraisers HERE.

On July 29, 1998, Congress enacted the Homeowners Protection Act (HPA) to require lenders to cancel mandatory private mortgage insurance (PMI) on residential mortgage loans under certain circumstances. The Act’s provisions took effect July 29, 1999 and apply to loans consummated on or after that date.

The HPA provides:

(1) A right to cancel when the principal balance of the loan reaches 80% of the original value of the property securing the loan.

The mortgagor has the option of tying the right to cancel to either of the following cancellation dates:

• The date on which the principal balance of the mortgage, based solely on the amortization schedule for the mortgage loan and irrespective of the outstanding balance on that date, is first scheduled to reach 80% of the original value of the property securing the loan; or

•· The date on which the principal balance of the mortgage, based solely on actual payments, reaches 80% of the original value of the property securing the loan.

The mortgage must satisfy the following requirements to exercise this right to cancel:

•· The mortgage must submit a written request for cancellation to the servicer of the loan.

•· The mortgagor must have a "good payment history" on the mortgage loan. This means that the mortgagor has not made any mortgage payment 60 days or more past due during the 24-month period proceeding the cancellation date. In addition, it means the mortgagor has not made any mortgage payment 30 days or more past due during the 12-month period proceeding the cancellation date.

•· The mortgagor must satisfy any requirement of the holder of the mortgage, as of the date of the written cancellation request, for: (a) evidence that the value of the property has not declined below the original value of the property; and (b) certification that the equity of the mortgagor in the residence securing the mortgage is not encumbered by a subordinate lien.

(2) An automatic termination when the principal balance of the loan reaches 78% of the original value of the property securing the loan.

•· On that date the mortgagor must be current on the payments required by the terms of the loan. If the mortgagor is not current on that date, then the PMI requirement must automatically terminate when the mortgagor becomes current on the payments required by the terms of the loan.

(3) An automatic termination when the loan reaches the scheduled midpoint of the amortization period.

What about the person who wants to drop their PMI due to their property value increasing and now having 20% equity in the property? The old guidelines apply. Basically, call the servicer of the loan and ask them what their guidelines are. Most lenders will want two years of a good payment history to drop the PMI in cases like this. The HPA permits a lender to offer more generous cancellation and termination polices than those it requires.

THE CANCELLATION AND TERMINATION RULES DO NOT APPLY TO MORTGAGES ORIGINATED BEFORE JULY 29, 1999; MORTGAGES ON OTHER THAN SINGLE-FAMILY DWELLINGS; MORTGAGES ON SECOND HOMES OR NON-OWNER OCCUPIED PROPERTY; MORTGAGES OBTAINED FOR PURPOSES OTHER THAN THE ACQUISITION, CONSTRUCTION OR REFINANCING OF A DWELLING; OR MORTGAGES DESIGNATED AS HIGH-RISK LOANS (EXCEPT THAT AUTOMATIC TERMINATION AT THE SCHEDULED AMORTIZATION MIDPOINT DOES APPLY TO HIGH RISK LOANS).

Homeowners Protection Act of 1998
Public Law 105-216

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.

Sec. 2. Definitions.

Sec. 3. Termination of private mortgage insurance.

Sec. 4. Disclosure requirements.

Sec. 5. Notification upon cancellation or termination.

Sec. 6. Disclosure requirements for lender paid mortgage insurance.

Sec. 7. Fees for disclosures.

Sec. 8. Civil liability.

Sec. 9. Effect on other laws and agreements.

Sec. 10. Enforcement.

Sec. 11. Construction.

Sec. 12. Amendment to Higher Education Act of 1965.

Sec. 13. Effective date.

Sec. 14. Abolishment of the Thrift Depositor Protection Oversight Board.

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

In this Act, the following definitions shall apply:

(1) ADJUSTABLE RATE MORTGAGE- The term `adjustable rate mortgage' means a residential mortgage that has an interest rate that is subject to change.

(2) CANCELLATION DATE- The term `cancellation date' means--

(A) with respect to a fixed rate mortgage, at the option of the mortgagor, the date on which the principal balance of the mortgage--

(i) based solely on the initial amortization schedule for that mortgage, and irrespective of the outstanding balance for that mortgage on that date, is first scheduled to reach 80 percent of the original value of the property securing the loan; or

(ii) based solely on actual payments, reaches 80 percent of the original value of the property securing the loan; and

(B) with respect to an adjustable rate mortgage, at the option of the mortgagor, the date on which the principal balance of the mortgage--

(i) based solely on amortization schedules for that mortgage, and irrespective of the outstanding balance for that mortgage on that date, is first scheduled to reach 80 percent of the original value of the property securing the loan; or

(ii) based solely on actual payments, first reaches 80 percent of the original value of the property securing the loan.

(3) FIXED RATE MORTGAGE- The term `fixed rate mortgage' means a residential mortgage that has an interest rate that is not subject to change.

(4) GOOD PAYMENT HISTORY- The term `good payment history' means, with respect to a mortgagor, that the mortgagor has not--

(A) made a mortgage payment that was 60 days or longer past due during the 12-month period beginning 24 months before the date on which the mortgage reaches the cancellation date; or

(B) made a mortgage payment that was 30 days or longer past due during the 12-month period preceding the date on which the mortgage reaches the cancellation date.

(5) INITIAL AMORTIZATION SCHEDULE- The term `initial amortization schedule' means a schedule established at the time at which a residential mortgage transaction is consummated with respect to a fixed rate mortgage, showing--

(A) the amount of principal and interest that is due at regular intervals to retire the principal balance and accrued interest over the amortization period of the loan; and

(B) the unpaid principal balance of the loan after each scheduled payment is made.

(6) MORTGAGE INSURANCE- The term `mortgage insurance' means insurance, including any mortgage guaranty insurance, against the nonpayment of, or default on, an individual mortgage or loan involved in a residential mortgage transaction.

(7) MORTGAGE INSURER- The term `mortgage insurer' means a provider of private mortgage insurance, as described in this Act, that is authorized to transact such business in the State in which the provider is transacting such business.

(8) MORTGAGEE- The term `mortgagee' means the holder of a residential mortgage at the time at which that mortgage transaction is consummated.

(9) MORTGAGOR- The term `mortgagor' means the original borrower under a residential mortgage or his or her successors or assignees.

(10) ORIGINAL VALUE- The term `original value', with respect to a residential mortgage, means the lesser of the sales price of the property securing the mortgage, as reflected in the contract, or the appraised value at the time at which the subject residential mortgage transaction was consummated.

(11) PRIVATE MORTGAGE INSURANCE- The term `private mortgage insurance' means mortgage insurance other than mortgage insurance made available under the National Housing Act, title 38 of the United States Code, or title V of the Housing Act of 1949.

SEC. 3. TERMINATION OF PRIVATE MORTGAGE INSURANCE.

(a) BORROWER CANCELLATION- A requirement for private mortgage insurance in connection with a residential mortgage transaction shall be canceled on the cancellation date, if the mortgagor--

(1) submits a request in writing to the servicer that cancellation be initiated;

(2) has a good payment history with respect to the residential mortgage; and

(3) has satisfied any requirement of the holder of the mortgage (as of the date of a request under paragraph (1)) for--

(A) evidence (of a type established in advance and made known to the mortgagor by the servicer promptly upon receipt of a request under paragraph (1)) that the value of the property securing the mortgage has not declined below the original value of the property; and

(B) certification that the equity of the mortgagor in the residence securing the mortgage is unencumbered by a subordinate lien.

(b) AUTOMATIC TERMINATION- A requirement for private mortgage insurance in connection with a residential mortgage transaction shall terminate with respect to payments for that mortgage insurance made by the mortgagor--

(1) on the termination date if, on that date, the mortgagor is current on the payments required by the terms of the residential mortgage transaction; or

(2) on the date after the termination date on which the mortgagor becomes current on the payments required by the terms of the residential mortgage transaction.

(c) FINAL TERMINATION- If a requirement for private mortgage insurance is not otherwise canceled or terminated in accordance with subsection (a) or (b), in no case may such a requirement be imposed beyond the first day of the month immediately following the date that is the midpoint of the amortization period of the loan if the mortgagor is current on the payments required by the terms of the mortgage.

(d) NO FURTHER PAYMENTS- No payments or premiums may be required from the mortgagor in connection with a private mortgage insurance requirement terminated or canceled under this section--

(1) in the case of cancellation under subsection (a), more than 30 days after the later of--

(A) the date on which a request under subsection (a)(1) is received; or

(B) the date on which the mortgagor satisfies any evidence and certification requirements under subsection (a)(3);

(2) in the case of termination under subsection (b), more than 30 days after the termination date or the date referred to in subsection (b)(2), as applicable; and

(3) in the case of termination under subsection (c), more than 30 days after the final termination date established under that subsection.

(e) RETURN OF UNEARNED PREMIUMS-

(1) IN GENERAL- Not later than 45 days after the termination or cancellation of a private mortgage insurance requirement under this section, all unearned premiums for private mortgage insurance shall be returned to the mortgagor by the servicer.

(2) TRANSFER OF FUNDS TO SERVICER- Not later than 30 days after notification by the servicer of termination or cancellation of private mortgage insurance under this Act with respect to a mortgagor, a mortgage insurer that is in possession of any unearned premiums of that mortgagor shall transfer to the servicer of the subject mortgage an amount equal to the amount of the unearned premiums for repayment in accordance with paragraph (1).

(f) EXCEPTIONS FOR HIGH RISK LOANS-

(1) IN GENERAL- The termination and cancellation provisions in subsections (a) and (b) do not apply to any residential mortgage or mortgage transaction that, at the time at which the residential mortgage transaction is consummated, has high risks associated with the extension of the loan--

SEC. 4. DISCLOSURE REQUIREMENTS.

(a) DISCLOSURES FOR NEW MORTGAGES AT TIME OF TRANSACTION-

(1) DISCLOSURES FOR NON-EXEMPTED TRANSACTIONS- In any case in which private mortgage insurance is required in connection with a residential mortgage or mortgage transaction (other than a mortgage or mortgage transaction described in section 3(f)(1)), at the time at which the transaction is consummated, the mortgagee shall provide to the mortgagor--

(A) if the transaction relates to a fixed rate mortgage--

(i) a written initial amortization schedule; and

(ii) written notice--

(I) that the mortgagor may cancel the requirement in accordance with section 3(a) of this Act indicating the date on which the mortgagor may request cancellation, based solely on the initial amortization schedule;

(II) that the mortgagor may request cancellation in accordance with section 3(a) of this Act earlier than provided for in the initial amortization schedule, based on actual payments;

(III) that the requirement for private mortgage insurance will automatically terminate on the termination date in accordance with section 3(b) of this Act, and what that termination date is with respect to that mortgage; and

(IV) that there are exemptions to the right to cancellation and automatic termination of a requirement for private mortgage insurance in accordance with section 3(f) of this Act, and whether such an exemption applies at that time to that transaction; and

(B) if the transaction relates to an adjustable rate mortgage, a written notice that--

(i) the mortgagor may cancel the requirement in accordance with section 3(a) of this Act on the cancellation date, and that the servicer will notify the mortgagor when the cancellation date is reached;

(ii) the requirement for private mortgage insurance will automatically terminate on the termination date, and that on the termination date, the mortgagor will be notified of the termination or that the requirement will be terminated as soon as the mortgagor is current on loan payments; and

(iii) there are exemptions to the right of cancellation and automatic termination of a requirement for private mortgage insurance in accordance with section 3(f) of this Act, and whether such an exemption applies at that time to that transaction.

(2) DISCLOSURES FOR EXCEPTED TRANSACTIONS- In the case of a mortgage or mortgage transaction described in section 3(f)(1), at the time at which the transaction is consummated, the mortgagee shall provide written notice to the mortgagor that in no case may private mortgage insurance be required beyond the date that is the midpoint of the amortization period of the loan, if the mortgagor is current on payments required by the terms of the residential mortgage.

(3) ANNUAL DISCLOSURES- If private mortgage insurance is required in connection with a residential mortgage transaction, the servicer shall disclose to the mortgagor in each such transaction in an annual written statement--

(A) the rights of the mortgagor under this Act to cancellation or termination of the private mortgage insurance requirement; and

(B) an address and telephone number that the mortgagor may use to contact the servicer to determine whether the mortgagor may cancel the private mortgage insurance.

(4) APPLICABILITY- Paragraphs (1) through (3) shall apply with respect to each residential mortgage transaction consummated on or after the date that is 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act.

SEC. 5. NOTIFICATION UPON CANCELLATION OR TERMINATION.

(a) IN GENERAL- Not later than 30 days after the date of cancellation or termination of a private mortgage insurance requirement in accordance with this Act, the servicer shall notify the mortgagor in writing--

(1) that the private mortgage insurance has terminated and that the mortgagor no longer has private mortgage insurance; and

(2) that no further premiums, payments, or other fees shall be due or payable by the mortgagor in connection with the private mortgage insurance.

(b) NOTICE OF GROUNDS-

(1) IN GENERAL- If a servicer determines that a mortgage did not meet the requirements for termination or cancellation of private mortgage insurance under subsection (a) or (b) of section 3, the servicer shall provide written notice to the mortgagor of the grounds relied on to make the determination (including the results of any appraisal used to make the determination).

(2) TIMING- Notice required by paragraph (1) shall be provided--

(A) with respect to cancellation of private mortgage insurance under section 3(a), not later than 30 days after the later of--

(i) the date on which a request is received under section 3(a)(1); or

(ii) the date on which the mortgagor satisfies any evidence and certification requirements under section 3(a)(3); and

(B) with respect to termination of private mortgage insurance under section 3(b), not later than 30 days after the scheduled termination date.

SEC. 6. DISCLOSURE REQUIREMENTS FOR LENDER PAID MORTGAGE INSURANCE.

(a) DEFINITIONS- For purposes of this section--

(1) the term `borrower paid mortgage insurance' means private mortgage insurance that is required in connection with a residential mortgage transaction, payments for which are made by the borrower;

(2) the term `lender paid mortgage insurance' means private mortgage insurance that is required in connection with a residential mortgage transaction, payments for which are made by a person other than the borrower; and

(3) the term `loan commitment' means a prospective mortgagee's written confirmation of its approval, including any applicable closing conditions, of the application of a prospective mortgagor for a residential mortgage loan.

(b) EXCLUSION- Sections 3 through 5 do not apply in the case of lender paid mortgage insurance.

(c) NOTICES TO MORTGAGOR- In the case of lender paid mortgage insurance that is required in connection with a residential mortgage or a residential mortgage transaction--

(1) not later than the date on which a loan commitment is made for the residential mortgage transaction, the prospective mortgagee shall provide to the prospective mortgagor a written notice--

(A) that lender paid mortgage insurance differs from borrower paid mortgage insurance, in that lender paid mortgage insurance may not be canceled by the mortgagor, while borrower paid mortgage insurance could be cancelable by the mortgagor in accordance with section 3(a) of this Act, and could automatically terminate on the termination date in accordance with section 3(b) of this Act;

(B) that lender paid mortgage insurance--

(i) usually results in a residential mortgage having a higher interest rate than it would in the case of borrower paid mortgage insurance; and

(ii) terminates only when the residential mortgage is refinanced, paid off, or otherwise terminated; and

(C) that lender paid mortgage insurance and borrower paid mortgage insurance both have benefits and disadvantages, including a generic analysis of the differing costs and benefits of a residential mortgage in the case lender paid mortgage insurance versus borrower paid mortgage insurance over a 10-year period, assuming prevailing interest and property appreciation rates;

SEC. 7. FEES FOR DISCLOSURES.

No fee or other cost may be imposed on any mortgagor with respect to the provision of any notice or information to the mortgagor pursuant to this Act.

SEC. 8. CIVIL LIABILITY.

(a) IN GENERAL- Any servicer, mortgagee, or mortgage insurer that violates a provision of this Act shall be liable to each mortgagor to whom the violation relates for--

(1) in the case of an action by an individual, or a class action in which the liable party is not subject to section 10, any actual damages sustained by the mortgagor as a result of the violation, including interest (at a rate determined by the court) on the amount of actual damages, accruing from the date on which the violation commences;

(2) in the case of--

(A) an action by an individual, such statutory damages as the court may allow, not to exceed $2,000; and

(B) in the case of a class action--

(i) in which the liable party is subject to section 10, such amount as the court may allow, except that the total recovery under this subparagraph in any class action or series of class actions arising out of the same violation by the same liable party shall not exceed the lesser of $500,000 or 1 percent of the net worth of the liable party, as determined by the court; and

(ii) in which the liable party is not subject to section 10, such amount as the court may allow, not to exceed $1,000 as to each member of the class, except that the total recovery under this subparagraph in any class action or series of class actions arising out of the same violation by the same liable party shall not exceed the lesser of $500,000 or 1 percent of the gross revenues of the liable party, as determined by the court;

(3) costs of the action; and

(4) reasonable attorney fees, as determined by the court.

(b) TIMING OF ACTIONS- No action may be brought by a mortgagor under subsection (a) later than 2 years after the date of the discovery of the violation that is the subject of the action.

(1) IN GENERAL- With respect to a residential mortgage transaction, the failure of a servicer to comply with the requirements of this Act due to the failure of a mortgage insurer or a mortgagee to comply with the requirements of this Act, shall not be construed to be a violation of this Act by the servicer.

(2) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION- Nothing in paragraph (1) shall be construed to impose any additional requirement or liability on a mortgage insurer, a mortgagee, or a holder of a residential mortgage.

SEC. 9. EFFECT ON OTHER LAWS AND AGREEMENTS.

(a) EFFECT ON STATE LAW-

(1) IN GENERAL- With respect to any residential mortgage or residential mortgage transaction consummated after the effective date of this Act, and except as provided in paragraph (2), the provisions of this Act shall supersede any provisions of the law of any State relating to requirements for obtaining or maintaining private mortgage insurance in connection with residential mortgage transactions, cancellation or automatic termination of such private mortgage insurance, any disclosure of information addressed by this Act, and any other matter specifically addressed by this Act.

(2) PROTECTION OF EXISTING STATE LAWS-

(A) IN GENERAL- The provisions of this Act do not supersede protected State laws, except to the extent that the protected State laws are inconsistent with any provision of this Act, and then only to the extent of the inconsistency.

(B) INCONSISTENCIES- A protected State law shall not be considered to be inconsistent with a provision of this Act if the protected State law--

(i) requires termination of private mortgage insurance or other mortgage guaranty insurance--

SEC. 10. ENFORCEMENT.

(a) IN GENERAL- Compliance with the requirements imposed under this Act shall be enforced under--

(1) section 8 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act--

(A) by the appropriate Federal banking agency (as defined in section 3(q) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act) in the case of insured depository institutions (as defined in section 3(c)(2) of such Act);

(B) by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation in the case of depository institutions described in clause (i), (ii), or (iii) of section 19(b)(1)(A) of the Federal Reserve Act that are not insured depository institutions (as defined in section 3(c)(2) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act); and

(C) by the Director of the Office of Thrift Supervision in the case of depository institutions described in clause (v) and or (vi) of section 19(b)(1)(A) of the Federal Reserve Act that are not insured depository institutions (as defined in section 3(c)(2) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act);

(2) the Federal Credit Union Act, by the National Credit Union Administration Board in the case of depository institutions described in clause (iv) of section 19(b)(1)(A) of the Federal Reserve Act; and

(3) part C of title V of the Farm Credit Act of 1971 (12 U.S.C. 2261 et seq.), by the Farm Credit Administration in the case of an institution that is a member of the Farm Credit System.

(b) ADDITIONAL ENFORCEMENT POWERS-

(1) VIOLATION OF THIS ACT TREATED AS VIOLATION OF OTHER ACTS- For purposes of the exercise by any agency referred to in subsection (a) of such agency's powers under any Act referred to in such subsection, a violation of a requirement imposed under this Act shall be deemed to be a violation of a requirement imposed under that Act.

(2) ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITY UNDER OTHER ACTS- In addition to the powers of any agency referred to in subsection (a) under any provision of law specifically referred to in such subsection, each such agency may exercise, for purposes of enforcing compliance with any requirement imposed under this Act, any other authority conferred on such agency by law.

(c) ENFORCEMENT AND REIMBURSEMENT- In carrying out its enforcement activities under this section, each agency referred to in subsection (a) shall--

(1) notify the mortgagee or servicer of any failure of the mortgagee or servicer to comply with 1 or more provisions of this Act;

(2) with respect to each such failure to comply, require the mortgagee or servicer, as applicable, to correct the account of the mortgagor to reflect the date on which the mortgage insurance should have been canceled or terminated under this Act; and

(3) require the mortgagee or servicer, as applicable, to reimburse the mortgagor in an amount equal to the total unearned premiums paid by the mortgagor after the date on which the obligation to pay those premiums ceased under this Act.

SEC. 11. CONSTRUCTION.

(a) PMI NOT REQUIRED- Nothing in this Act shall be construed to impose any requirement for private mortgage insurance in connection with a residential mortgage transaction.

(b) NO PRECLUSION OF CANCELLATION OR TERMINATION AGREEMENTS- Nothing in this Act shall be construed to preclude cancellation or termination, by agreement between a mortgagor and the holder of the mortgage, of a requirement for private mortgage insurance in connection with a residential mortgage transaction before the cancellation or termination date established by this Act for the mortgage.

SEC. 12. AMENDMENT TO HIGHER EDUCATION ACT OF 1965.

Section 481(a)(4) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1088(a)(4)) is amended by--

(1) inserting the subparagraph designation `(A)' immediately after the paragraph designation `(4)';

SEC. 13. EFFECTIVE DATE.

This Act, other than section 14, shall become effective 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act.

SEC. 14. ABOLISHMENT OF THE THRIFT DEPOSITOR PROTECTION OVERSIGHT BOARD.

(a) IN GENERAL- Effective at the end of the 3-month period beginning on the date of enactment of this Act, the Thrift Depositor Protection Oversight Board established under section 21A of the Federal Home Loan Bank Act (hereafter in this section referred to as the `Oversight Board') is hereby abolished.

(b) DISPOSITION OF AFFAIRS-

(1) POWER OF CHAIRPERSON- Effective on the date of enactment of this Act, the Chairperson of the Oversight Board (or the designee of the Chairperson) may exercise on behalf of the Oversight Board any power of the Oversight Board necessary to settle and conclude the affairs of the Oversight Board.

(2) AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS- Funds available to the Oversight Board shall be available to the Chairperson of the Oversight Board to pay expenses incurred in carrying out paragraph (1).

(1) EXISTING RIGHTS, DUTIES, AND OBLIGATIONS NOT AFFECTED- No provision of this section shall be construed as affecting the validity of any right, duty, or obligation of the United States, the Oversight Board, the Resolution Trust Corporation, or any other person that--

(A) arises under or pursuant to the Federal Home Loan Bank Act, or any other provision of law applicable with respect to the Oversight Board; and

(B) existed on the day before the abolishment of the Oversight Board in accordance with subsection (a).

(2) CONTINUATION OF SUITS- No action or other proceeding commenced by or against the Oversight Board with respect to any function of the Oversight Board shall abate by reason of the enactment of this section.

(3) LIABILITIES-

(A) IN GENERAL- All liabilities arising out of the operation of the Oversight Board during the period beginning on August 9, 1989, and the date that is 3 months after the date of enactment of this Act shall remain the direct liabilities of the United States.

(B) NO SUBSTITUTION- The Secretary of the Treasury shall not be substituted for the Oversight Board as a party to any action or proceeding referred to in subparagraph (A).

(4) CONTINUATIONS OF ORDERS, RESOLUTIONS, DETERMINATIONS, AND REGULATIONS PERTAINING TO THE RESOLUTION FUNDING CORPORATION-

(A) IN GENERAL- All orders, resolutions, determinations, and regulations regarding the Resolution Funding Corporation shall continue in effect according to the terms of such orders, resolutions, determinations, and regulations until modified, terminated, set aside, or superseded in accordance with applicable law if such orders, resolutions, determinations, or regulations--

(i) have been issued, made, and prescribed, or allowed to become effective by the Oversight Board, or by a court of competent jurisdiction, in the performance of functions transferred by this section; and

(ii) are in effect at the end of the 3-month period beginning on the date of enactment of this section.

(B) ENFORCEABILITY OF ORDERS, RESOLUTIONS, DETERMINATIONS, AND REGULATIONS BEFORE TRANSFER- Before the effective date of the transfer of the authority and duties of the Resolution Funding Corporation to the Secretary of the Treasury under subsection (d), all orders, resolutions, determinations, and regulations pertaining to the Resolution Funding Corporation shall be enforceable by and against the United States.

(C) ENFORCEABILITY OF ORDERS, RESOLUTIONS, DETERMINATIONS, AND REGULATIONS AFTER TRANSFER- On and after the effective date of the transfer of the authority and duties of the Resolution Funding Corporation to the Secretary of the Treasury under subsection (d), all orders, resolutions, determinations, and regulations pertaining to the Resolution Funding Corporation shall be enforceable by and against the Secretary of the Treasury.